(Khmer: ជ័យវរ្ម័នទី៤)
He was an Angkorian king who ruled from 928 to 941 CE. Many
early historians thought that he was a usurper. However, recent evidence shows
that he had a legitimate claim to the throne.
Early Years
He was the son of king Indravarman I's daughter,
Mahendradevi, and was married to his aunt, a half-sister of king Yasovarman I.
Because there were no clear rules of succession, his claim for the throne
through a maternal line seemed to be valid. He contested the reigns of
Yasovarman I's sons at Angkor since the death of their father. In 921 he set up
his own capital at Koh Ker: an inscription dated 921 states, "Jayavarman
IV left the city of Yashodharapura to reign at Chok Gargyar taking the Devaraja
with him." The rivalry lasted from 921 until the death of Ishanavarman II
in 928, after which Jayavarman IV reigned supreme.
Koh Ker
Famous for its ancient ruins, Koh Ker can be reached more
easily then in recent past thanks to a toll road. This old capital city of
Jayavarman IV remained abandoned for over a thousand years before French
scholars, like Louis Delaporte and Étienne Aymonier, had been visiting and
studying at the end of 19th century. During his reign the capital city was
known as Chok Gargyar (the Island of Glory) or Lingapura. There was a walled
city of about 1200 m2, but subsidiary temples are scattered on a surrounding
area of 35 square kilometers. The main zone encompasses the Rahal baray (1,188
x 548 m) and Prasat Thom complex, with its seven-tiered pyramid 30 metres high.
The summit of the temple housed a colossal linga, now disappeared, probably
made of metal casing as high as almost 5 metres. Inscription K.187E designates
the Old Khmer name for this linga as kamrateṅ jagat ta rājya, “the god who is
the king”. "Jayavarman IV's inscriptions boasted that his constructions
surpassed those of previous kings." A large number of the best and largest
Angkorian sculptures were made during his reign, e.g. the Garuda standing in
the entrance of National Museum of Cambodia. A royal highway lead to Beng
Mealea at south and to Angkor at west.
Tax Collection
To build a magnificent city in such a short period of about
20 years, it must have required an enormous amount of wealth and labor. The
majority of Jayavarman's inscriptions are from Koh Ker, but they had been found
also in sites on the borders of khmer dominion, as Nong Pang Puey (near
Aranyaprathet)) and Phnom Bayang (Mekong Delta). They shed some lights as to how
this was being done. Labor forces were gathered from many provinces and taxes
were paid in kind: such as, rice, wax, honey, elephants or cloth. Contrast to
many ancient civilizations, Angkor did not mint any coin to use as currency.
Tax collection in those days was probably performed by a tamrvac (modern:
tamruot, or policeman). A tamrvac or “royal inspector” had his real authority
in the provinces. Taxes were collected from all the territories that Jayavarman
IV had controlled. The tax collection system was very efficient if not brutal.
As for those who refused to pay, they will be "caged by the elders and
placed before the king for sentence." However, the king, palace
functionaries, monks and slaves were exempt from paying taxes.
Posthumous Name
Jeyavarman IV died in 941 and received the posthumous name
of Paramashivapada. His succession was not peacefully and his young son
Harshavarman II reigned briefly until 944. Then Rajendravarman, who was both
uncle and first cousin of Harshavarman, returned the capital at Yasodharapura.
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